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Book Details :
Published on: 2015-02-12
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Original language: English

HIV Epidemics in the European Region: Vulnerability and Response provides a systematic review of the evidence on HIV vulnerability and response in all 53 countries of the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) European Region, stretching from Iceland to the borders of China. The report focuses on key populations most at risk of HIV infection: people who inject drugs, sex workers, and men who have sex with men. It confirms that these populations are disproportionately affected by the growing HIV epidemic in Europe. Twenty-five percent of HIV diagnoses in Europe are associated with injecting drug use, with much higher proportions in Eastern Europe (33 percent) than in Western Europe (5 percent) and Central Europe (7 percent). Sex between men accounted for 10 percent of all HIV diagnoses, with higher rates reported in Western Europe (36 percent), followed by Central Europe (22 percent) and Eastern Europe (0.5 percent). HIV remains relatively low among female sex workers who do not inject drugs (less than 1 percent), but higher among those who inject drugs (more than 10 percent) and among male and transgender sex workers. The analysis highlights the pivotal role of social and structural factors in shaping HIV epidemics and HIV prevention responses. Poverty, marginalization, and stigma contribute to the HIV epidemic in Europe and Central Asia. Economic volatility and recession risks are increasing vulnerability to HIV and infections. Barriers to successful HIV responses include the criminalization of sex work, of sex between men, and of drug use combined with social stigmatization, violence, and rights violations. HIV prevention requires social and environmental change. The report calls for policy makers and HIV program implementers to target the right policies and programs to maximize the health and social impacts of Europe’s HIV responses and get higher returns on HIV-related investments. HIV Epidemics in the European Region: Vulnerability and Response is a product of a collaboration between the World Bank, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the WHO Regional Office for Europe, and UNAIDS. Public Health Approaches to Infectious Disease: View as ... Public Health Approaches to Infectious Disease Introduction. This course focuses on the strategies available in the twenty-first century to tackle major infectious ... Syndemic - Wikipedia A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative ... UN News Centre - United Nations United Nations News Centre with breaking news from the UN News Service Preexposure Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men Who ... Background Antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis before exposure is a promising approach for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Methods We ... HIV/AIDS - Wikipedia Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human ... International Relations Stanford University Courses offered by the Program in International Relations (IR) are listed under the subject code INTNLREL on the Stanford Bulletin's ExploreCourses web site. Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa The First 9 Months of ... As of September 14 2014 a total of 4507 confirmed and probable cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) as well as 2296 deaths from the virus had been reported from ... Jobs in South Sudan - Advance Africa Jobs in South Sudan; Employment opportunities in South Sudan. Humanitarian and development jobs. List of South Sudan jobs vacancies open job positions. Find & apply ... VACCINES (VACCINOLOGY) - Inicial UFRGS Vaccines remain a small part of the overall drug market just $9 billion in sales compared to global pharmaceutical sales of $550 billion they make up a fast ... Technology and Science News - ABC News Get the latest science news and technology news read tech reviews and more at ABC News.
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